Galileo (1564- 1642):- Galileo Galilei, popu- larly known as Galileo, was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astro- nomer and philosopher. His achieve- ments include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the “father of modern observa- tional astronomy”, the “father of modern physics”, the “father of science”.
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727):- Sir Isaac Newton was the most respected and perhaps the greatest scientist ever produced by the world. He is known for his revolutionary scientific discoveries like Laws of motion, theory of Gravity, differential calculus, composition of light etc. Newton’s scientific theories were published in his scientific treatise ‘Philosophia Naturalis Principia’. His greatest discovery is the discovery of the gravitational pull of the Earth.
Michael Faraday (1791- 1867):- Michael Faraday was an English chemist and physicist who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. He discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and laws of electrolysis. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in technology. As a chemist, Michael Faraday discovered benzene and the system of oxidation numbers.
Charles Darwin (1809-1882 AD):- Charles Darwin, the father of ‘Evolutionism’ was born in England. He propounded the revolutionary ‘Theory of Evolution’ and explained that the different living species attained their present forms after a long and gradual process of evolution. Darwin maintained that man descended from ape regarding the origin of human species. In 1831 he sailed around the world in ship for studying different species in different regions. He compared the flowers, fruits, animals, rocks and fossils of different part of the world and returned in 1836 after five years. In 1859, he published his most famous book ‘Origin of Species’ and after twelve years another book ‘Descent of Man’. In these books he proved that man, like other animals, had evolved over millions of years from the same prehistoric ancestors.
Graham Bell (1847- 1922):- Alexander Graham Bell was a great inventor. He is world famous as the inventor of ‘Telephone’. He was born in Scotland. He was a, teacher of the deaf and dumb. In 1870 he went to Canada and then shifted to USA. There he opened a school for the deaf and dumb children. In 1873, Graham Bell became a professor of vocal physiology at the University of Boston. In 1876 he invented the telephone. By giving us telephone, Bell has made our world a smaller place.
Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931):- He was a great scientist who invented the electric bulb and many other important devices. He was a US born inventor having more than 1300 US and foreign patents to his credit for his inventions; most of them concerned with electricity. Some of his important inventions are –incandescent lamp, carbon telephone transmitters, microphone, phonograph (Gramophone) etc.
Albert Einstein (1879 –1955):- Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who discovered the theory of general relativity, a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is regarded as the father of modern physics. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
Alexander Fleming (1881 –1955):- Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. His best-known discoveries are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945.