Dr. Dolgobinda Shastri
My dear friends, I have requested you all to read at least one chapter or a few verses from any chapter of Gita every day, morning, midday or evening, at any time you avail.
Gita has eighteen chapters. Each chapter heads and ends with a single word “Yoga.” Such as the first chapter heads and ends as “Arjuna Bisada Yoga”. Second chapter as “Sankhya Yoga” etc and chapter fifteenth as “Purusottam Yoga” and chapter eighteenth as “Mokshya-Sanyasa Yoga”.
“Yoga” – what does it mean? You know that “Yoga” means addition - act of adding only. But the word has more than twenty meanings. In Gita itself, you find “Yoga Karmasu Kausalam.”
- Yoga is the Skill of any action.
- You may ask – what is that “Skill”?
Gita teaches the skill of yoga – i.e.
(a) Yoga Karmasu Kausalam
(b) “Atmanah Paramatmanah Sanyyoga “Yoga” uchyate”.
Human form consists of three substances, a-body, b-mind and c-spirit, soul or “Atamana”.
Gita’s teaching philosophy and spiritual “Sadhana” or practice has been divided into four categories - as Karma-Yoga, Raja-Yoga, Gyana-Yoga, and Bhakti- Yoga, by all intellectuals, philosophers and spiritual saints. Our corporal body consists of earth, water, fire, air and ether (Kshiti, Ap, Tejah, Marut and Byoma). Mind consists of Mana, Buddhi, Ahankara or Ego, Chitta or Atma. Soul is the atomic part of the super consciousness or paramatma. The first two components, i.e. body and mind both is Jada or Achit or inactive, inanimate, having no power of movement. Any atomic part of the whole universe moves only by the will of the supreme creator.
You see the satellite revolving and circulating the earth, sending pictures and sounds to every broad-casting centre. But it is a computerized machine. There is a conscious ( Chit) subject at the remote centre, who actually directs the satellite to function.
Similarly every effect has a cause behind it. That cause is of two kinds- material cause and efficient cause. For a chair- wood, screws, tools etc are required. These materials are material cause, but in order to have a chair, a carpenter is needed. So the carpenter is the efficient cause, - an animate, a conscious person is the efficient cause, both combined and the effect is a chair. So also in this universe, the nature, the trees, crops, rivers, mountains, ocean, sky, animals, human being- are effects. The primordial cause must be a supra-material, supramental, all pervading supreme person is the supreme creator. We call him Krushna, Allah, God and in so many names. Here in Gita, Krushna stands as Supreme Cause – Supreme Creator, he himself shows the way to reach him.
The first- six chapters of Gita deal and explain mainly Karma Yoga, last six chapters Mokshya- Sanyas Yoga and the middle chapter, from 7th to 12th elucidate Bhakti Yoga.
Generally human beings are of three categories. Some are men of activities. They have physical strength for hard work. They are dutiful, enterprising, bold enough to face difficult situation. Gita prescribes Karma-Yoga for such people. The essence of Karma Yoga is to perform worldly functions as a religious duty. To do ones duty dispassionately, without any selfish motive or to gain anything in return. A Karma Yogi is one who dedicates his life for religious or selfless act of serving to purify him self and for the pleasure of God.
Raja Yoga or Jnyana Yoga is for those who are mainly intellectual, thoughtful, mentally strong enough to bear with all difficult situation, sorrows and distress in life. Jnyana Yoga is prescribed for these people. Their main purpose of life is liberation from the circle of birth and death.
Some people are endowed with mainly loving attitude, more loving affectionate than average. They are simple, sweet and humble. Bhakti Yoga is prescribed for them. A Bhakta or Devotee is he who fully surrenders himself to the divinity and loves him as or more than his nearest relations. He has no desire for material pleasure nor he desires for emancipation or liberation. He never thinks for himself. God takes his responsibility. Krushna gladly declares –
“I bear the responsibility of acquiring and protecting the necessities of my fully dependent devotees who are always absorbed in thought of me and who worship me in every way”.
Generally, Sri Gita is known as an excellent study of the science of religion. The language of Sri Gita is simple and sweet, its mood is grave, extensive and radical, its thought is succinct, lucid and impartial. Gita is unprece- dented and charming in the extreme. Sri Gita is activation for the lazy, courage for the fearful, hope for the hopeless and new life for the dying.
The devotees of the Lord (Bhagabad Bhaktas) and persons on the paths for action, knowledge and Yoga (Karmis, Jnanis and Yogi’s) will each find the essence of their sadhana within a comprehensive and illuminating manner and thus the book is highly esteemed by all. The essential and inner purport of the Vedas, Upanishads, Brahmasutra, Mahabharat and the Puranas of the Sanatan Vedic, Pre-Vedic Vratya scriptures, six branches of Darsan or Vedic philosophy and various non-Aryan doctrines are found incorporated in Sri Gita. “Gita teaches us enlightenment through selfless service as ordained by scriptures, which leads to pure consciousness. Then only when self realization attains, its maturity, it blossoms into loving service in the joyful divine plane.”